Scoliosis is a condition where the spine curves abnormally sideways, forming a “C” or “S” shape when viewed from behind. While the spine naturally has gentle forward and backward curves, scoliosis involves an unnatural lateral curvature. It can develop in different parts of the spine, including the lumbar (lower back), thoracic (mid-back), or both.

Scoliosis can affect people of all ages, but it’s often categorized based on its cause and when it develops. Two common types are adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and lumbar degenerative scoliosis.

 

 

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS)

What Is It?

  • AIS is the most common type of scoliosis, typically diagnosed in children or teens aged 10-18.
  • “Idiopathic” means the exact cause is unknown, although genetics and growth spurts are thought to play a role.

 

Symptoms:

  • Uneven shoulders, hips, or waist.
  • One shoulder blade sticks out more than the other.
  • Visible curve in the spine when bending forward.
  • Often painless during adolescence but may cause discomfort as the curve progresses.

 

Treatment:

  • Observation: For mild curves that aren’t progressing.
  • Bracing: Prevents worsening in growing children with moderate curves.
  • Surgery (Spinal Fusion): Recommended for severe curves to stabilize the spine.

 

Lumbar Degenerative Scoliosis

What Is It?

  • This form of scoliosis develops later in life, usually after age 50, due to degeneration of spinal discs, arthritis, or osteoporosis.
  • Unlike AIS, which is related to growth, this type is caused by wear and tear on the spine.

Symptoms:

  • Lower back pain, stiffness, and muscle fatigue.
  • A noticeable curve in the lower back.
  • Uneven hips or legs.
  • Tingling, numbness, or weakness in the legs if nerves are compressed.

 

Treatment:

  • Non-Surgical Options: Physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, bracing for support, or epidural steroid injections.
  • Surgical Options: In severe cases, surgery (e.g., decompression or spinal fusion) may be recommended to relieve nerve compression and stabilize the spine.

 

How Is Scoliosis Diagnosed?

  • Physical Exam: Checking for asymmetry in shoulders, hips, and ribs.
  • Imaging Tests: X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans to measure the curve’s angle (Cobb angle) and assess its severity.

 

Why Does Scoliosis Matter?

  • Mild Scoliosis: Often doesn’t cause major problems and may just need observation.
  • Moderate to Severe Scoliosis: Can affect posture, mobility, and even lung or heart function in extreme cases.
  • Degenerative Scoliosis: May lead to chronic pain or nerve symptoms if untreated.

 

The Bottom Line

Scoliosis may sound intimidating, but with early detection and the right care, most people live full, active lives. Whether it’s managing a teenager’s spine or addressing lower back pain later in life, we’re here to help your spine stay aligned and keep you moving comfortably!