Thoracic stenosis is a condition where the spinal canal in the middle part of your back (the thoracic spine) becomes narrowed, putting pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots. While less common than stenosis in the neck (cervical) or lower back (lumbar), thoracic stenosis can still cause significant discomfort and neurological issues.

 

Causes

Thoracic stenosis is usually the result of:

  • Degenerative Changes: Wear and tear over time, such as arthritis, can lead to bone spurs or thickened ligaments that narrow the canal.
  • Herniated Discs: Bulging or ruptured discs can compress the spinal cord.
  • Injuries or Trauma: Fractures or misalignment of the vertebrae can reduce the space in the canal.
  • Congenital Factors: Some people are born with a naturally narrow spinal canal.
  • Tumors or Infections: Rarely, these can also cause narrowing.

Symptoms

Thoracic stenosis often develops slowly, and symptoms depend on the severity of the narrowing and whether the spinal cord or nerves are affected:

  • Mid-Back Pain: Often dull or aching, and sometimes radiating around the ribs.
  • Numbness or Tingling: Typically in the torso or below the level of compression.
  • Weakness: Difficulty walking or performing tasks due to weakness in the legs.
  • Balance Issues: Difficulty maintaining balance or coordination.
  • Severe Cases: Loss of bladder or bowel control, which is a medical emergency.

Diagnosis

Thoracic stenosis is diagnosed with a combination of:

  • Medical History and Physical Exam: Identifying symptoms and testing reflexes, strength, and sensation.
  • Imaging Tests: MRI or CT scans are used to confirm narrowing and identify the cause.

Treatment

Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition:

  • Conservative Approaches:
    • Physical therapy to strengthen supporting muscles and improve posture.
    • Medications like anti-inflammatories or muscle relaxers for pain relief.
    • Activity modifications to reduce strain on the spine.
  • Advanced Interventions:
    • Epidural steroid injections to reduce inflammation.
    • Surgery (e.g., laminectomy or decompression) in severe cases to relieve pressure on the spinal cord.

Why It Matters

Thoracic stenosis can significantly affect mobility and quality of life if untreated. Early recognition and proper care can help prevent worsening symptoms and preserve your spine’s function.

Your spine is your body’s support system—if thoracic stenosis is slowing you down, we’re here to help you get back on track!